Torrenting depends on a decentralized network instead of centralized ones, like other file-sharing servers. The network saves a part of the uploaded data that facilitates the file-sharing process among the users.
After that, the peer-to-peer communication protocol breaks down these files into small pieces and transports them from uploading users to downloading users. The technical term for these uploaders and downloaders are seeders and leechers, respectively.
The files move through a torrent client that reads information stored in a .torrent file and creates a network for users to exchange data.
Torrent files contain information that tells its users about the connected computers in the sharing process. Moreover, it also provides the details of the users who download these files or folders.
The torrent client has the IP address of all the devices in the form of swarms. It connects to a tracker that forwards these IP addresses to other clients to make sure that all peers connect to one another.
The client will start downloading the file, and after receiving an adequate amount of data, it also starts uploading the file for other users.